We previously reported that autologous-fecal-microbiota-transplantation (aFMT), following 6 m of lifestyle intervention, attenuated subsequent weight regain and insulin rebound for participants consuming a high-polyphenol green-Mediterranean diet. Here, we explored whether specific changes in the core (abundant) vs. non-core (low-abundance) gut microbiome taxa fractions during the weight-loss phase (0-6 m) were differentially associated with weight maintenance following aFMT. Eighty-two abdominally obese/dyslipidemic participants (age = 52 years; 6 m weightloss = -8.3 kg) who provided fecal samples (0 m, 6 m) were included. Frozen 6 m's fecal samples were processed into 1 g, opaque and odorless aFMT capsules. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 100 capsules containing their own fecal microbiota or placebo over 8 m-14 m in ten administrations (adherence rate > 90%). Gut microbiome composition was evaluated using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Non-core taxa were defined as ≤ 66% prevalence across participants. Overall, 450 species were analyzed. At baseline, 13.3% were classified as core, and Firmicutes presented the highest core proportion by phylum. During 6 m weight-loss phase, abundance of non-core species changed more than core species (P < .0001). Subject-specific changes in core and non-core taxa fractions were strongly correlated (Jaccard Index; r = 0.54; P < .001). Following aFMT treatment, only participants with a low 6 m change in core taxa, and a high change in non-core taxa, avoided 8-14 m weight regain (aFMT = -0.58 ± 2.4 kg, corresponding placebo group = 3.18 ± 3.5 kg; P = .02). In a linear regression model, low core/high non-core 6 m change was the only combination that was significantly associated with attenuated 8-14 m weight regain (P = .038; P = .002 for taxa patterns/treatment intervention interaction). High change in non-core, low-abundance taxa during weight-loss might mediate aFMT treatment success for weight loss maintenance.

Kamer, O.; Rinott, E.; Tsaban, G.; Kaplan, A.; Yaskolka Meir, A.; Zelicha, H.; Knights, D.; Tuohy, K.; Fava, F.; Scholz, M.U.; Ziv, O.; Rubin, E.; Blüher, M.; Stumvoll, M.; Ceglarek, U.; Clément, K.; Koren, O.; Hu, F.B.; Stampfer, M.J.; Wang, D.D.; Youngster, I.; Shai, I. (2023-12). Successful weight regain attenuation by autologous fecal microbiota transplantation is associated with non-core gut microbiota changes during weight loss; randomized controlled trial. GUT MICROBES, 15 (2): 2264457. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2264457 handle: https://hdl.handle.net/10449/82175

Successful weight regain attenuation by autologous fecal microbiota transplantation is associated with non-core gut microbiota changes during weight loss; randomized controlled trial

Tuohy, Kieran;Fava, Francesca;Scholz, Matthias Uwe;
2023-12-01

Abstract

We previously reported that autologous-fecal-microbiota-transplantation (aFMT), following 6 m of lifestyle intervention, attenuated subsequent weight regain and insulin rebound for participants consuming a high-polyphenol green-Mediterranean diet. Here, we explored whether specific changes in the core (abundant) vs. non-core (low-abundance) gut microbiome taxa fractions during the weight-loss phase (0-6 m) were differentially associated with weight maintenance following aFMT. Eighty-two abdominally obese/dyslipidemic participants (age = 52 years; 6 m weightloss = -8.3 kg) who provided fecal samples (0 m, 6 m) were included. Frozen 6 m's fecal samples were processed into 1 g, opaque and odorless aFMT capsules. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 100 capsules containing their own fecal microbiota or placebo over 8 m-14 m in ten administrations (adherence rate > 90%). Gut microbiome composition was evaluated using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Non-core taxa were defined as ≤ 66% prevalence across participants. Overall, 450 species were analyzed. At baseline, 13.3% were classified as core, and Firmicutes presented the highest core proportion by phylum. During 6 m weight-loss phase, abundance of non-core species changed more than core species (P < .0001). Subject-specific changes in core and non-core taxa fractions were strongly correlated (Jaccard Index; r = 0.54; P < .001). Following aFMT treatment, only participants with a low 6 m change in core taxa, and a high change in non-core taxa, avoided 8-14 m weight regain (aFMT = -0.58 ± 2.4 kg, corresponding placebo group = 3.18 ± 3.5 kg; P = .02). In a linear regression model, low core/high non-core 6 m change was the only combination that was significantly associated with attenuated 8-14 m weight regain (P = .038; P = .002 for taxa patterns/treatment intervention interaction). High change in non-core, low-abundance taxa during weight-loss might mediate aFMT treatment success for weight loss maintenance.
Core microbiome
Low abundance taxa
aFMT
FMT
Lifestyle intervention
Weight regain
Settore BIO/19 - MICROBIOLOGIA GENERALE
dic-2023
Kamer, O.; Rinott, E.; Tsaban, G.; Kaplan, A.; Yaskolka Meir, A.; Zelicha, H.; Knights, D.; Tuohy, K.; Fava, F.; Scholz, M.U.; Ziv, O.; Rubin, E.; Blüher, M.; Stumvoll, M.; Ceglarek, U.; Clément, K.; Koren, O.; Hu, F.B.; Stampfer, M.J.; Wang, D.D.; Youngster, I.; Shai, I. (2023-12). Successful weight regain attenuation by autologous fecal microbiota transplantation is associated with non-core gut microbiota changes during weight loss; randomized controlled trial. GUT MICROBES, 15 (2): 2264457. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2264457 handle: https://hdl.handle.net/10449/82175
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