The relationship with honey bees and beekeeping of Veneto region is very ancient and intersects all the various epochs from prehistory, to antiquity, the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, up to modernity and the present day. Archaeological finds from about 13,000 years ago, found on the Asiago plateau, attest to the use of bee wax as a fixative for ocher-based paints. This would prove to be the oldest material testimony, worldwide, of the relationship between Apis mellifera and Homo sapiens. The honey bee symbolism also appears in an artifact referable to the ancient Venetians and probably linked to the cult of the goddess Reitia, but it is in Roman times that beekeeping fully enters the history of Veneto region. The thriving beekeeping of the Lombard-Venetian plain during Roman times, described by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia, and the toponym of Melara, probably connected to the great role of honey production in this area, testify to the antiquity of this activity in Veneto region. Veneto region or rather the Serenissima Venetian Republic was then fundamental for the development of modern beekeeping. The Venetian domains in the east have in fact made it possible to bring the ancient beekeeping knowledge deriving from ancient Greek and Roman ages to Western Europe, later preserved first through the Byzantine and then Ottoman empires in the eastern Mediterranean as well as in southern Italy. At the end of the 18th century, during the revival of the sciences of the Enlightenment, the famous naturalist Antonio Turra was one of the pioneers of rational beekeeping. However, it is with the nineteenth century that Veneto region rose to a place of excellence of Italian and European beekeeping. The acclaimed evolutionist zoologist Giovanni Canestrini and the Austrian major František Hruschka, who moved to Veneto after completing his military career, are the two most important figures who from Veneto have contributed to the development and progress of world beekeeping. The history ends with the story of a family of beekeepers from the Asiago plateau who, from the tragic events of the First World War, has been able to create a modern and thriving beekeeping company. It is a story of female entrepreneurship and Venetian ingenuity, that of the Rigoni family. The storytelling ends with a brief image of today’s Venetian beekeeping, both as regards the number of beekeeping companies and the presence of beehives, and as regards the presence in Veneto, at the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, of the Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l’Apicoltura (National Reference Center for Beekeeping).
Il rapporto del Veneto con le api e l’apicoltura è molto antico e interseca tutte le varie epoche dalla preistoria, all’antichità al rinascimento e all’illuminismo, fino alla modernità ed ai giorni nostri. Reperti archeologici di circa 13.000 anni fa, rinvenuti sull’Altopiano di Asiago, attestano l’uso della cera come fissante per pitture a base di ocra. Questa risulterebbe essere la più antica testimonianza materiale, a livello mondiale, del rapporto tra Apis mellifera e Homo sapiens. Il simbolismo dell’ape appare anche in un manufatto riferibile ai Veneti antichi e probabilmente legato al culto della dea Reitia, ma è in epoca romana che l’apicoltura entra a pieno titolo nella storia del Veneto. La fiorente apicoltura della pianura lombardo-veneta in epoca romana, descritta da Plinio il vecchio nella sua Naturalis Historia, ed il toponimo di Melara, probabilmente connesso al grande ruolo della produzione del miele in questa area, testimoniano l’antichità di questa attività nel Veneto. Il Veneto o meglio la Serenissima Repubblica Veneta è stato poi fondamentale per lo sviluppo della moderna apicoltura. I domini veneziani nel levante hanno infatti permesso di portare in Europa occidentale le antiche conoscenze apistiche derivanti dall’antica Grecia e dall’Impero Romano, conservatesi prima attraverso l’impero bizantino e poi di quello ottomano nel Mediterraneo orientale oltre che nell’Italia meridionale. Sul finire del XVIII secolo, cioè durante il rifiorire delle scienze dell’illuminismo, il famoso naturalista Antonio Turra, è stato uno dei pionieri dell’apicoltura razionale. Ma è con XIX secolo che il Veneto assurge a luogo di eccellenza dell’apicoltura italiana ed europea. L’acclarato zoologo evoluzionista Giovanni Canestrini e il maggiore austriaco František Hruschka, trasferitosi in Veneto dopo aver concluso la sua carriera militare, sono i due personaggi di maggior rilievo che dal Veneto hanno contribuito allo sviluppo ed al progresso dell’apicoltura mondiale. Conclude la trattazione il racconto delle vicende di una famiglia di apicoltori dell’Altopiano di Asiago che, dalle tragiche vicende della Grande Guerra, ha saputo creare una azienda apistica moderna e fiorente. È una storia di imprenditoria femminile e di ingegno veneto, quella della famiglia Rigoni. Conclude la trattazione una breve immagine dell’apicoltura veneta di oggi, sia per quanto riguarda il numero di aziende apistiche e la presenza di alveari, che per quanto riguarda la presenza in Veneto, presso l’Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, del Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l’Apicoltura
Fontana, P. (2019). Il Veneto, le api e l’apicoltura: una storia millenaria dalla preistoria alle nuove frontiere scientifiche. ATTI DELLA ACCADEMIA ROVERETANA DEGLI AGIATI. CLASSE DI SCIENZE MATEMATICHE, FISICHE E NATURALI, a. 269, v. 9 (ser. 9, B): 55-100. handle: http://hdl.handle.net/10449/61852
Il Veneto, le api e l’apicoltura: una storia millenaria dalla preistoria alle nuove frontiere scientifiche
Fontana, P.
2019-01-01
Abstract
The relationship with honey bees and beekeeping of Veneto region is very ancient and intersects all the various epochs from prehistory, to antiquity, the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, up to modernity and the present day. Archaeological finds from about 13,000 years ago, found on the Asiago plateau, attest to the use of bee wax as a fixative for ocher-based paints. This would prove to be the oldest material testimony, worldwide, of the relationship between Apis mellifera and Homo sapiens. The honey bee symbolism also appears in an artifact referable to the ancient Venetians and probably linked to the cult of the goddess Reitia, but it is in Roman times that beekeeping fully enters the history of Veneto region. The thriving beekeeping of the Lombard-Venetian plain during Roman times, described by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia, and the toponym of Melara, probably connected to the great role of honey production in this area, testify to the antiquity of this activity in Veneto region. Veneto region or rather the Serenissima Venetian Republic was then fundamental for the development of modern beekeeping. The Venetian domains in the east have in fact made it possible to bring the ancient beekeeping knowledge deriving from ancient Greek and Roman ages to Western Europe, later preserved first through the Byzantine and then Ottoman empires in the eastern Mediterranean as well as in southern Italy. At the end of the 18th century, during the revival of the sciences of the Enlightenment, the famous naturalist Antonio Turra was one of the pioneers of rational beekeeping. However, it is with the nineteenth century that Veneto region rose to a place of excellence of Italian and European beekeeping. The acclaimed evolutionist zoologist Giovanni Canestrini and the Austrian major František Hruschka, who moved to Veneto after completing his military career, are the two most important figures who from Veneto have contributed to the development and progress of world beekeeping. The history ends with the story of a family of beekeepers from the Asiago plateau who, from the tragic events of the First World War, has been able to create a modern and thriving beekeeping company. It is a story of female entrepreneurship and Venetian ingenuity, that of the Rigoni family. The storytelling ends with a brief image of today’s Venetian beekeeping, both as regards the number of beekeeping companies and the presence of beehives, and as regards the presence in Veneto, at the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, of the Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l’Apicoltura (National Reference Center for Beekeeping).File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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