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The density of wood is a key indicator of the carbon investment strategies of trees, impacting productivity and carbon storage. Despite its importance, the global variation in wood density and its environmental controls remain poorly understood, preventing accurate predictions of global forest carbon stocks. Here we analyse information from 1.1 million forest inventory plots alongside wood density data from 10,703 tree species to create a spatially explicit understanding of the global wood density distribution and its drivers. Our findings reveal a pronounced latitudinal gradient, with wood in tropical forests being up to 30% denser than that in boreal forests. In both angiosperms and gymnosperms, hydrothermal conditions represented by annual mean temperature and soil moisture emerged as the primary factors influencing the variation in wood density globally. This indicates similar environmental filters and evolutionary adaptations among distinct plant groups, underscoring the essential role of abiotic factors in determining wood density in forest ecosystems. Additionally, our study highlights the prominent role of disturbance, such as human modification and fire risk, in influencing wood density at more local scales. Factoring in the spatial variation of wood density notably changes the estimates of forest carbon stocks, leading to differences of up to 21% within biomes. Therefore, our research contributes to a deeper understanding of terrestrial biomass distribution and how environmental changes and disturbances impact forest ecosystems.
The global distribution and drivers of wood density and their impact on forest carbon stocks
Mo, Lidong
;Crowther, Thomas W.;Maynard, Daniel S.;van den Hoogen, Johan;Ma, Haozhi;Bialic-Murphy, Lalasia;Liang, Jingjing;de-Miguel, Sergio;Nabuurs, Gert-Jan;Reich, Peter B.;Phillips, Oliver L.;Abegg, Meinrad;Adou Yao, Yves C.;Alberti, Giorgio;Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M.;Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez;Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban;Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia;Alves, Luciana F.;Amaral, Iêda;Ammer, Christian;Antón-Fernández, Clara;Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro;Arroyo, Luzmila;Avitabile, Valerio;Aymard, Gerardo A.;Baker, Timothy R.;Bałazy, Radomir;Banki, Olaf;Barroso, Jorcely G.;Bastian, Meredith L.;Bastin, Jean-Francois;Birigazzi, Luca;Birnbaum, Philippe;Bitariho, Robert;Boeckx, Pascal;Bongers, Frans;Boonman, Coline C. F.;Bouriaud, Olivier;Brancalion, Pedro H. S.;Brandl, Susanne;Brearley, Francis Q.;Brienen, Roel;Broadbent, Eben N.;Bruelheide, Helge;Bussotti, Filippo;Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla;César, Ricardo G.;Cesljar, Goran;Chazdon, Robin;Chen, Han Y. H.;Chisholm, Chelsea;Cho, Hyunkook;Cienciala, Emil;Clark, Connie;Clark, David;Colletta, Gabriel D.;Coomes, David A.;Valverde, Fernando Cornejo;Corral-Rivas, José J.;Crim, Philip M.;Cumming, Jonathan R.;Dayanandan, Selvadurai;de Gasper, André L.;Decuyper, Mathieu;Derroire, Géraldine;DeVries, Ben;Djordjevic, Ilija;Dolezal, Jiri;Dourdain, Aurélie;Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier;Enquist, Brian J.;Eyre, Teresa J.;Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain;Fayle, Tom M.;Feldpausch, Ted R.;Ferreira, Leandro V.;Finér, Leena;Fischer, Markus;Fletcher, Christine;Frizzera, Lorenzo;Gamarra, Javier G. P.;Gianelle, Damiano;Glick, Henry B.;Harris, David J.;Hector, Andrew;Hemp, Andreas;Hengeveld, Geerten;Hérault, Bruno;Herbohn, John L.;Herold, Martin;Hietz, Peter;Hillers, Annika;Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N.;Hui, Cang;Ibanez, Thomas;Imai, Nobuo;Jagodziński, Andrzej M.;Jaroszewicz, Bogdan;Johannsen, Vivian Kvist;Joly, Carlos A.;Jucker, Tommaso;Jung, Ilbin;Karminov, Viktor;Kartawinata, Kuswata;Kearsley, Elizabeth;Kenfack, David;Kennard, Deborah K.;Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian;Keppel, Gunnar;Khan, Mohammed Latif;Killeen, Timothy J.;Kim, Hyun Seok;Kitayama, Kanehiro;Köhl, Michael;Korjus, Henn;Kraxner, Florian;Kucher, Dmitry;Laarmann, Diana;Lang, Mait;Lewis, Simon L.;Li, Yuanzhi;Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela;Lu, Huicui;Lukina, Natalia V.;Maitner, Brian S.;Malhi, Yadvinder;Marcon, Eric;Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes;Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur;Marshall, Andrew R.;Martin, Emanuel H.;McCarthy, James K.;Meave, Jorge A.;Melo-Cruz, Omar;Mendoza, Casimiro;Mendoza-Polo, Irina;Miscicki, Stanislaw;Merow, Cory;Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo;Moreno, Vanessa S.;Mukul, Sharif A.;Mundhenk, Philip;Nava-Miranda, María Guadalupe;Neill, David;Neldner, Victor J.;Nevenic, Radovan V.;Ngugi, Michael R.;Niklaus, Pascal A.;Ontikov, Petr;Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar;Pan, Yude;Paquette, Alain;Parada-Gutierrez, Alexander;Parfenova, Elena I.;Park, Minjee;Parren, Marc;Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy;Peri, Pablo L.;Pfautsch, Sebastian;Picard, Nicolas;Piedade, Maria Teresa F.;Piotto, Daniel;Pitman, Nigel C. A.;Poorter, Lourens;Poulsen, Axel Dalberg;Poulsen, John R.;Pretzsch, Hans;Arevalo, Freddy Ramirez;Restrepo-Correa, Zorayda;Richardson, Sarah J.;Rodeghiero, Mirco;Rolim, Samir G.;Roopsind, Anand;Rovero, Francesco;Rutishauser, Ervan;Saikia, Purabi;Salas-Eljatib, Christian;Saner, Philippe;Schall, Peter;Schelhaas, Mart-Jan;Schepaschenko, Dmitry;Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael;Schmid, Bernhard;Schöngart, Jochen;Searle, Eric B.;Seben, Vladimír;Serra-Diaz, Josep M.;Sheil, Douglas;Shvidenko, Anatoly Z.;Da Silva, Ana Carolina;Silva-Espejo, Javier E.;Silveira, Marcos;Singh, James;Sist, Plinio;Slik, Ferry;Sonké, Bonaventure;Sosinski, Enio Egon;Souza, Alexandre F.;Stereńczak, Krzysztof J.;Svenning, Jens-Christian;Svoboda, Miroslav;Swanepoel, Ben;Targhetta, Natalia;Tchebakova, Nadja;ter Steege, Hans;Thomas, Raquel;Tikhonova, Elena;Umunay, Peter M.;Usoltsev, Vladimir A.;Valencia, Renato;Valladares, Fernando;Van Bodegom, Peter M.;van der Plas, Fons;Van Do, Tran;van Nuland, Michael E.;Vasquez, Rodolfo M.;Verbeeck, Hans;Viana, Helder;Vibrans, Alexander C.;Vieira, Simone;von Gadow, Klaus;Wang, Hua-Feng;Watson, James V.;Werner, Gijsbert D. A.;Wittmann, Florian;Woell, Hannsjoerg;Wortel, Verginia;Zagt, Roderick;Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz;Zhang, Chunyu;Zhao, Xiuhai;Zhou, Mo;Zhu, Zhi-Xin;Zo-Bi, Irie C.;Zohner, Constantin M.
2024-01-01
Abstract
The density of wood is a key indicator of the carbon investment strategies of trees, impacting productivity and carbon storage. Despite its importance, the global variation in wood density and its environmental controls remain poorly understood, preventing accurate predictions of global forest carbon stocks. Here we analyse information from 1.1 million forest inventory plots alongside wood density data from 10,703 tree species to create a spatially explicit understanding of the global wood density distribution and its drivers. Our findings reveal a pronounced latitudinal gradient, with wood in tropical forests being up to 30% denser than that in boreal forests. In both angiosperms and gymnosperms, hydrothermal conditions represented by annual mean temperature and soil moisture emerged as the primary factors influencing the variation in wood density globally. This indicates similar environmental filters and evolutionary adaptations among distinct plant groups, underscoring the essential role of abiotic factors in determining wood density in forest ecosystems. Additionally, our study highlights the prominent role of disturbance, such as human modification and fire risk, in influencing wood density at more local scales. Factoring in the spatial variation of wood density notably changes the estimates of forest carbon stocks, leading to differences of up to 21% within biomes. Therefore, our research contributes to a deeper understanding of terrestrial biomass distribution and how environmental changes and disturbances impact forest ecosystems.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10449/88495
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simulazione ASN
Il report seguente simula gli indicatori relativi alla propria produzione scientifica in relazione alle soglie ASN 2023-2025 del proprio SC/SSD. Si ricorda che il superamento dei valori soglia (almeno 2 su 3) è requisito necessario ma non sufficiente al conseguimento dell'abilitazione. La simulazione si basa sui dati IRIS e sugli indicatori bibliometrici alla data indicata e non tiene conto di eventuali periodi di congedo obbligatorio, che in sede di domanda ASN danno diritto a incrementi percentuali dei valori. La simulazione può differire dall'esito di un’eventuale domanda ASN sia per errori di catalogazione e/o dati mancanti in IRIS, sia per la variabilità dei dati bibliometrici nel tempo. Si consideri che Anvur calcola i valori degli indicatori all'ultima data utile per la presentazione delle domande.
La presente simulazione è stata realizzata sulla base delle specifiche raccolte sul tavolo ER del Focus Group IRIS coordinato dall’Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia e delle regole riportate nel DM 589/2018 e allegata Tabella A. Cineca, l’Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia e il Focus Group IRIS non si assumono alcuna responsabilità in merito all’uso che il diretto interessato o terzi faranno della simulazione. Si specifica inoltre che la simulazione contiene calcoli effettuati con dati e algoritmi di pubblico dominio e deve quindi essere considerata come un mero ausilio al calcolo svolgibile manualmente o con strumenti equivalenti.