Design of ideal vibrational signals for stinkbug male attraction, through vibrotaxis experiments

Background Many groups of insects utilize substrate-borne vibrations for intraspecific communication. This characteristic makes them a suitable model for exploring the vibrations as a tool for pest control in alternative to chemicals. The detailed knowledge of the species communication is a prerequisite to select the best signals to use. In this sense, this study aimed at exploring the use of substrate-borne vibrations for pest control of the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys Stål (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). To this purpose, in a first set of experiments, we identified the spectral and temporal characteristics that best elicit male responsiveness. Bioassays were conducted with artificial signals that mimicked the natural female calling signal. In a second part, we used the acquired knowledge to synthesize new signals endowed with different degrees of attractiveness in single and two choice bioassays using a wooden custom-made T stand. Results The results from this study showed that males were attracted to female signals along a high range of amplitudes, specially starting from a threshold of 100 μm/s, a high pulse repetition time (1s) and peak of frequency in correspondence of the first harmonic (76 Hz). This resulted in an “optimal” signal to be used to attract males, while the choice test in the T arena showed this signal elicits searching behavior and attracts males of BMSB towards a stimulation point. Conclusion We confirm the use of vibrational signal as a strong tool for behaviroal manipulation of males of BMSB and suggest its possible use for the development of field traps and the further management of this pest.