Resolving the spatial and temporal dynamics of gross primary productivity (GPP) of terrestrial ecosystems across different scales remains a challenge. Remote sensing is regarded as the solution to upscale point observations conducted at the ecosystem level, using the eddy covariance (EC) technique, to the landscape and global levels. In addition to traditional vegetation indices, the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and the emission of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), now measurable from space, provide a new range of opportunities to monitor the global carbon cycle using remote sensing. However, the scale mismatch between EC observations and the much coarser satellite-derived data complicates the integration of the two sources of data. The solution is to establish a network of in situ spectral measurements that can act as bridge between EC measurements and remote sensing data. In situ spectral measurements have been already conducted for many years at EC sites, but using variable instrumentation, setups, and measurement standards. In Europe in particular, in situ spectral measurements remain highly heterogeneous. The goal of EUROSPEC Cost Action ES0930 was to promote the development of common measuring protocols and new instruments towards establishing best practices and standardization of in situ spectral measurements. In this review we describe the background and main tradeoffs of in situ spectral measurements, review the main results of EUROSPEC Cost Action, and discuss the future challenges and opportunities of in situ spectral measurements for improved estimation of local and global carbon cycle.
Risolvere le dinamiche spaziali e temporali di produttività primaria GPP) degli ecosistemi terrestri attraverso diverse scale rimane una sfida. Il telerilevamento è considerato come la soluzione a livello di ecosistema, utilizzando la tecnica eddy covariance (EC), per arrivare ai livelli di paesaggio e globale. Oltre ai tradizionali indici di vegetazione, l'indice di riflettanza fotochimico (PRI) e l'emissione di fluorescenza della clorofilla (SIF), ora misurabile dallo spazio, offrono una nuova gamma di opportunità per monitorare il ciclo globale del carbonio tramite telerilevamento. Tuttavia, le discrepanze di scala tra le osservazioni EC ed i dati ottenuti via satellite sono molto grossolane e questo fatto complica l'integrazione delle due fonti di dati. La soluzione è quella di creare una rete di misure spettrali in situ che possono fungere da ponte tra le misure raccolte dalla rete ed dati di telerilevamento. Le misure spettrali in situ sono stati già condotte per molti anni in siti appartenenti a diverse reti, ma utilizzando strumentazione, setups, e standard di misurazione eterogenei. In Europa in particolare, le misure spettrali rimangono non confrontabili. L'obiettivo della Azione COST EUROSPEC ES0903 è stato quello di promuovere lo sviluppo di protocolli di misura comuni e di sviluppare nuovi strumenti verso migliori pratiche e standardizzazione delle misurazioni spettrali. In questa review descriviamo il background ed i compromessi raggiunti, esaminando ii principali risultati di EUROSPEC, e discutendo su sfide e opportunità future per le misure spettrali finalizzate ad una migliorata stima del ciclo del carbonio a livello locale e globale.
Porcar Castell, A.; Mac Arthur, A.; Rossini, M.; Eklundh, L.; Pacheco Labrador, J.; Anderson, K.; Balzarolo, M.; Martín, M.P.; Jin, H.; Tomelleri, E.; Cerasoli, S.; Sakowska, K.; Hueni, A.; Julitta, T.; Nichol, C.J.; Vescovo, L. (2015). EUROSPEC: at the interface between remote sensing and ecosystem CO2 flux measurements in Europe. BIOGEOSCIENCES, 12: 6103-6124. doi: 10.5194/bg-12-6103-2015 handle: http://hdl.handle.net/10449/33549
EUROSPEC: at the interface between remote sensing and ecosystem CO2 flux measurements in Europe
Sakowska, Karolina;Vescovo, Loris
2015-01-01
Abstract
Resolving the spatial and temporal dynamics of gross primary productivity (GPP) of terrestrial ecosystems across different scales remains a challenge. Remote sensing is regarded as the solution to upscale point observations conducted at the ecosystem level, using the eddy covariance (EC) technique, to the landscape and global levels. In addition to traditional vegetation indices, the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and the emission of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), now measurable from space, provide a new range of opportunities to monitor the global carbon cycle using remote sensing. However, the scale mismatch between EC observations and the much coarser satellite-derived data complicates the integration of the two sources of data. The solution is to establish a network of in situ spectral measurements that can act as bridge between EC measurements and remote sensing data. In situ spectral measurements have been already conducted for many years at EC sites, but using variable instrumentation, setups, and measurement standards. In Europe in particular, in situ spectral measurements remain highly heterogeneous. The goal of EUROSPEC Cost Action ES0930 was to promote the development of common measuring protocols and new instruments towards establishing best practices and standardization of in situ spectral measurements. In this review we describe the background and main tradeoffs of in situ spectral measurements, review the main results of EUROSPEC Cost Action, and discuss the future challenges and opportunities of in situ spectral measurements for improved estimation of local and global carbon cycle.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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