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8.01 Tesi di dottorato 109

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Metagenomic approach to rumen, intestine and milk in relation to the environment and quality of products: the summer alpine transhumance: a case study

Transhumance is an ancient practice of pastoralism that consists of the seasonal migration of herds and shepherds in the Mediterranean and the Alps, usually in the mountainous regions there is a vertical transhumance of livestock as there is a change in altitude. It begins with the ascent to high altitude, between late May and mid-June, and ends with the moving back to the valley floor or plains in midSeptember. This herding practice shapes the relationships between people, animals, and ecosy...

Small mammals in a changing world: distributional, demographic and behavioural responses to environmental heterogeneity with implications for host-parasite-pathogen relationships

The demography of species and their functional role in the environment are governed by the interplay between individual internal state, external abiotic and biotic conditions, as well as by interspecific interactions, including host-parasite relationships. Generally, these interactions in wild systems have been investigated by long-term studies, and the different components were so far rarely evaluated ensemble. In this dissertation, I implemented a multi-factorial niche-based approach to pre...

Functional characterization of Rvi12_Cd5 against apple scab via transgenesis and cisgenesis approaches

The Rvi12 (Vb) region, originating from the Siberian crab apple Malus. baccata ‘Hansen’s baccata #2’ (HB2), confers apple scab resistance to the fungal pathogen Venturia inaequalis. Previously, gene prediction and in silico characterization identified a single putative candidate resistance gene, named as Rvi12_Cd5 at Rvi12 (Vb) locus. The constitutive expression of Rvi12_Cd5 in’ HB2’, together with its structural similarity to known resistance genes, makes it the most likely candidate for Rvi...

Advancing quantitative understanding of flow-ecology relations in Alpine rivers

Anthropic impacts adversely affect the productivity, integrity, connectivity, and resilience of riverine ecosystems, with widespread cumulative effects on the biota and biodiversity. The natural flow regime is a fundamental driver of physical and chemical processes, determining the morphological profile of the river systems and sustaining the complex network of ecological interactions and biological patterns. Therefore, in order to reach the environmental goals required by the binding legisla...

Remote sensing tools for monitoring grassland plant leaf traits and biodiversity

Grasslands are one of the most important ecosystems on Earth, covering approximately onethird of the Earth’s surface. Grassland biodiversity is important as many services provided by such ecosystems are crucial for the human economy and well-being. Given the importance of grasslands ecosystems, in recent years research has been carried out on the potential to monitor them with novel remote sensing techniques. Improved detectors technology and novel sensors providing finescale hyperspectral...

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