World distribution and status of goral: what do we know about them?

The goral is a stocky goat-like animal with a wide distribution, from the Himalayan region of India and Pakistan, to Myanmar, Thailand, South Korea, North Korea, eastern Russia and China. Taxonomists have recognised three species of gorals and some subspecies: Nemorhaedus caudatus (N. caudatus raddaneus, N. caudatus caudatus, N. caudatus griseus, N. caudatus evansii) or long-tailed goral; Nemorhaedus baileyi (N. baileyi baileyi, N. baileyi cranbrooki) or red goral; Nemorhaedus goral (N. goral bedfordi; N. goral goral) of Himalayan goral. Gorals are Bovidae included in the Tribe of Rupicaprini, or “goat antelopes”. They present intermediate characters between more primitive Rupicaprini (serows) and Caprini (goats and sheep), as for what concerns habitat preference (rocky, steep areas in mountain forest with interspersed open areas), diet (browsers with preference for grass species), social behaviour (they live in small groups and interact only during the mating season) and mating system (followers). All three species are listed as Vulnerable or Near Threatened by IUCN and included in Appendix I, CITES. Habitat loss and degradation and poaching represent the main threats. Despite the high ecological, evolutionary and cultural value, gorals have been somehow overlooked by the scientific community, as there are few published studies available. A big effort is needed to widen the knowledge on the ecology of gorals and underline their value to the public