A step out of the lab: the importance of formulations in the development of biopesticides

Developing microbial-based biopesticides represents a promising eco-friendly strategy for the sustainable management of plant pathogens. However, the use of microbial biocontrol agents (mBCAs) as biopesticides is often limited, mainly due to the vulnerability of the microorganisms to environmental factors and microbial competition, and the difficulty in developing a formulation that preserves efficacy and viability of mBCAs during storage and application. This chapter reports the current state of biocontrol strategies and describes the latest approaches to attain more effective formulations. Emphasis is placed on techniques and tools available for optimizing fermentation and formulation processes and enhancing the stability of mBCAs in the environment. Special attention is also given to the use of multi-strain formulations and their usefulness as plant protection products. Finally, innovative application approaches are described.